Research in Community and Public Health Nursing

Sook Ja Yang

14 Articles

Development of a Measurement of Suicidal Protection (MSP) for High School Students in Korea: Chan Sun Park, Sook Ja Yang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2019;30(2):161-173. Published online June 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2019.30.2.161

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PURPOSE
This study was conducted to develop and test a measurement of the suicidal protection(MSP) for high school students in Korea.
METHODS
Thirty-four preliminary items were initially developed based on literature review and focus group interviews. Those items were evaluated by experts for content validity with 31 items yielded. For testing validity and reliability of the measurement, data were collected from 330 high school students in Korea.
RESULTS
The item analysis selected 26 items. One item was deleted additionally through the primary exploratory factor analysis. The final exploratory factor analysis yielded 26 items in six factors such as fear of suicide, self-esteem, emotion regulation, support from others, support from family, and school life, explaining 66.6% of the total variance of the suicidal protection for high school students in Korea. Convergent validity and discriminant validity were supported by construct reliability, average variance extracted estimate, and standardized regression weight. MSP scores were positively associated with economic status, academic record and suicidal ideation. Also, criterion validity was supported through a significant correlation with the Reason for Living Inventory for Adolescent. The Cronbach's Î± reliability coefficient was .93 for the overall measurement and .72~.86 for the six factors.
CONCLUSION
The results show that MSP may be valid and reliable for assessing suicidal protection of high school students.

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A Review of Suicide Risk Assessment Tools and Their Measured Psychometric Properties in Korea
In-Chul Baek, Soobin Jo, Eun Ji Kim, Ga Ryoung Lee, Dong Hun Lee, Hong Jin Jeon
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Effects of the Variables related to the Health Action Process Approach Model on Physical Activity: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis: Yun Choi, Sook Ja Yang, Hye Young Song; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2018;29(3):359-370. Published online September 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2018.29.3.359

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PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to identify effects of the variables of Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Model on physical activity.
METHODS
This study has conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Sixteen articles were searched through electronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of science, Science Direct, RISS, KMBASE, KoreaMed, KISS, DBpia) and additional journals from 2000 to July, 2017. To estimate the effect size (ES), the meta-analysis of the studies was performed by using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis programs.
RESULTS
The overall effect size of the variables of HAPA on physical activity was median (ES=.28). Of the core variables of HAPA model, action control (ES=.43) showed the largest effect size, followed by coping self-efficacy (ES=.31) and planning (ES=.31).Additional variables were identified as preparatory behavior (ES=.39) and past physical activity (ES=.24). Through the moderator effect analysis, the effect size was higher in the volitional phase than in the motivational phase, and higher in the healthy group than in the patient group. The higher the proportion of males and the lower the age, the larger the effect size.
CONCLUSION
This finding shows empirical evidence that all core variables of the HAPA model are useful for predicting physical activity. We propose the use of the HAPA model to develop physical activity promotion intervention.

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Determinants of physical activity in newly diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea patients: testing the health action process approach
Christophe Latrille, Maurice Hayot, Grégoire Bosselut, François Bughin, Julie Boiché
Journal of Behavioral Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The relationship between exercise intention, behavioural plans, and exercise behaviour among Korean college students using the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA)
Jonghwa Lee, Bokyoung Jang, Youngho Kim
International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology.2024; : 1. CrossRef
An individualized mobile health intervention to promote physical activity in adults with obstructive sleep apnea: An intervention mapping approach
Christophe Latrille, Blandine Chapel, Nelly Héraud, François Bughin, Maurice Hayot, Julie Boiché
DIGITAL HEALTH.2023; 9: 205520762211507. CrossRef
Beyond Individual Cognitions: Time for Intervention Science to Focus on Health Context and Audience
Aïna Chalabaev, Boris Cheval, Silvio Maltagliati, Ilyes Saoudi, Falko F. Sniehotta
Journal of Physical Activity and Health.2023; : 1. CrossRef
The AHAWOMEN project: study protocol of a multi-design research for exploring HAPA predictors of exercise in postmenopausal women
Débora Godoy-Izquierdo, Raquel Lara-Moreno, Adelaida Ogallar-Blanco, Juan González, Carlos de Teresa, Nicolás Mendoza
BMC Psychology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of a self‐determination theory‐based physical activity programme for postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized controlled trial
Hye‐Won Yun, Chun‐Ja Kim, Jeong‐Ah Ahn, Elizabeth A. Schlenk
International Journal of Nursing Practice.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Action process verification of participants in leisure time physical activity (LTPA) applying the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model
Bo-Ram Kim
Korean Journal of Lesure, Recreation & Park.2022; 46(4): 51. CrossRef

The Trends in Research on the Health of North Korean Refugees: Hyun Ju Lim, Gun A Lee, Sook Ja Yang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2017;28(2):144-155. Published online June 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2017.28.2.144

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PURPOSE
This study aims to identify the general characteristics, subjects, and methods of research on the health of North Korean refugees through a systematic literature review.
METHODS
A total of 140 studies on health were reviewed using the analytical framework developed by the researchers.
RESULTS
The quantitative research comprised 90.7% of the studies, whereas the qualitative research were 7.9% of them. Approximately 81.4% of those reviewed have publication dates spanning 2006 to 2015. Only 13.6% of the studies were conducted with the approval of an institutional review board. The subjects of studies were psycho-social health (151.8%), behavioral health (28.5%), cognitive health (15.0%), physical health (12.2%), integrated health (7.8%), and spiritual health (2.8%). Within the quantitative studies reviewed, the most commonly used study design was survey research (86.0%). The two sampling methods used most often were convenience sampling (53.5%) and snowball sampling (19.4%), and the most commonly used data-collection method were questionnaires (94.6%). As for the qualitative studies, the most commonly used study design was phenomenology.
CONCLUSION
The results suggested that the reviewed studies focused on physical health more than psycho-social health, and physiological measurement more than questionnaires. Ethical considerations need to be expanded.

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Assessment of diet quality of adults from North Korea: using nutrition quotient (NQ) for Korean adults
SaeByeol Kwon, Kyoung-Nam Kim, Moon-Kyung Shin
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2023; 56(2): 217. CrossRef
Health and Integration of North Korean Refugees in South Korea
Hye-Seung Wee, Daehwan Kim
SSRN Electronic Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
How do North Korean refugees in South Korea utilize social support to cope with acculturative stress?
Soim Park, Jennifer A. Wenzel, Pamela J. Surkan
SSM - Mental Health.2023; 4: 100272. CrossRef
Health and Labour Market Outcomes of North Korean Refugees in South Korea
Hyeseung Wee, Daehwan Kim
Global Economic Review.2023; 52(4): 251. CrossRef
North Korean arrivals’ medical service usage in South Korea, 2015–2019
Hee Jung Lee, Chunhoo Cheon, Jinwon Kim, Kyung Won Kwon, Bo-Hyoung Jang
Journal of Public Health Policy.2022; 43(4): 560. CrossRef
Comparison of Growth and Nutritional Status between Children in North Korean Refugee Families and South Korean Children
Kyung-Ae Park, Seong-Woo Choi
Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health.2022; 26(1): 20. CrossRef
Trend of Disease Burden of North Korean Defectors in South Korea Using Disability-adjusted Life Years from 2010 to 2018
Keun A Kim, Yoon-Sun Jung, Chae-Bong Kim, Ki-Beom Kim, Seok-Jun Yoon
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Seroprevalence of scrub typhus, murine typhus and spotted fever groups in North Korean refugees
Jihye Um, Yeonghwa Nam, Ji Na Lim, Misuk Kim, Yeonsu An, Se Hee Hwang, Jun-Sun Park
International Journal of Infectious Diseases.2021; 106: 23. CrossRef
Social networks and health-promoting behaviors among North Korean refugees in South Korea
Chung Hyeon Jeong, Mee Young Um, Joan P. Yoo, Lawrence A. Palinkas
Social Work in Health Care.2020; 59(9-10): 738. CrossRef
Systematic review of evidence on public health in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
John J Park, Ah-Young Lim, Hyung-Soon Ahn, Andrew I Kim, Soyoung Choi, David HW Oh, Owen Lee-Park, Sharon Y Kim, Sun Jae Jung, Jesse B Bump, Rifat Atun, Hee Young Shin, Kee B Park
BMJ Global Health.2019; 4(2): e001133. CrossRef
An Analysis of Infectious Disease Research Trends in Medical Journals From North Korea
Do-Hyeon Park, Min-Ho Choi, Ah-Young Lim, Hee Young Shin
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2018; 51(2): 109. CrossRef

Development of a Health Literacy Assessment Scale for Asian Immigrant Women in South Korea: Ji Sook An, Sook Ja Yang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2015;26(4):330-341. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.4.330

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
This study developed a self-report measure for easy assessing of the health literacy of Asian immigrant women in South Korea.
METHODS
After a literature review, focus group interviews, and content validity evaluation, 14 preliminary items were generated. These were translated into Chinese, Vietnamese, and English. Data were collected from 229 Asian immigrant women. Validity and reliability tests were conducted.
RESULTS
Factor analysis yielded final 10 items in three factors: primary functional and interactive health literacy, secondary functional and interactive health literacy, and critical health literacy, which explained 61.90% of the total variance of health literacy. In known-group comparisons, health literacy was significantly lower in recent immigrants, those with a low education level, and those with low Korean language proficiency. For convergent validity, health literacy was positively associated with health specific self-efficacy and maternal health knowledge. For criterion-related validity, health literacy was positively associated with the REALM-SF. The overall reliability coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) of the instrument was .773.
CONCLUSION
The Health Literacy Assessment Scale for Asian Immigrant Women (HLAS) represents a multidimensional construct which encompasses functional, interactive, and critical health literacy. This self-report HLAS can be a useful and convenient method for appraising the health literacy of Asian immigrant women.

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A Multi-component Living Lab on Health Engagement for Advancing Self-care Agency among Migrant Workers in South Korea: A mixed methods study
Youlim Kim, Hyeonkyeong Lee, Sookyung Kim, Junghee Kim
Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2023; 34: 281. CrossRef
Definitions and measurement of health literacy in health and medicine research: a systematic review
Kristin Hjorthaug Urstad, Marit Helen Andersen, Marie Hamilton Larsen, Christine Råheim Borge, Sølvi Helseth, Astrid Klopstad Wahl
BMJ Open.2022; 12(2): e056294. CrossRef
Health literacy measures in South Korea: A scoping review
Heeran Chun, Su Hyun Kim, Eunja Park
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2022; 39(4): 39. CrossRef
A Study on the Reliability and Validity of the Korean Health Literacy Instrument for Late School-Aged Children
Sook-Kyoung Park, Eun-Gyeong Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(19): 10304. CrossRef
Trends and Level in Health Literacy Research on Immigrants in Korea: A Literature Review
Soo Jin Kang, Na Kyum Hyung
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2020; 31(3): 322. CrossRef
Associations of health belief and health literacy with Pap smear practice among Asian immigrant women
Yong-Sook Eo, Ji-Soo Kim
European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2019; 42: 63. CrossRef
Concept Analysis of Health Literacy for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease using Hybrid Model
Jeong Eun Sim, Seon Young Hwang
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2019; 30(4): 494. CrossRef

Factors Affecting Health Promotion Behavior among Workers with High Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Based on Theory of Planned Behavior: Sung Won Park, Sook Ja Yang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2015;26(2):128-139. Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.2.128

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PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting health promotion behavior among workers with high risk of metabolic syndrome. This study was based on the planned behavior theory.
METHODS
The participants were 167 workers at high risk of metabolic syndrome. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Surveyed variables were attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intention, and health promotion behavior. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 22.0.
RESULTS
Perceived behavioral control affected the intention of health promotion behavior among the workers with high risk of metabolic syndrome. It explained 62% of variance in the intention of health promotion behavior (F=40.09, p<.001). Perceived behavioral control and occupation affected health promotion behavior among the risk workers with high risk of metabolic syndrome. The two factors explained 16% of variance in health promotion behavior (F=4.95, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study suggest that perceived behavioral control is the only factor affecting health promotion behavior when the theory of planned behavior was applied. Therefore, intervention programs for improving health promotion behavior should be focused on strengthening perceived behavioral control.

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Lifestyle and Health Behaviors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease
Goeun Chung, Hye-Jin Kim
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders.2024; 22(2): 105. CrossRef
Effects of Interaction between SLC35F3 and Carbohydrate Intake on the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Middle-Aged Adults
Haeun Park, Dayeon Shin
Nutrients.2023; 15(2): 469. CrossRef
Sociodemographic and Health Characteristics Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Men and Women Aged ≥50 Years
Goeun Chung, Hye-Sun Jung, Hye-Jin Kim
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders.2021; 19(3): 159. CrossRef
A Structural Model Explaining the Health Behaviors among Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: Theory of Planned Behavior Approach
Taejeong Jang, Rhayun Song
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2020; 32(1): 98. CrossRef
Association of Job Stress with Health-promoting Behaviors and Health Status in Clinical Nurses
Jung-Suk Kim, Chun-Ja Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2016; 25(4): 311. CrossRef
The Effect of Physical and Psychological, and Social factors on Health Promotion Behavior among the stroke patients
Eun-Ju Kim
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(12): 8525. CrossRef

Factors related with Health Literacy in Asian Immigrant Women in Korea: Ji Sook An, Hye Ryun Kim, Sook Ja Yang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2013;24(4):377-387. Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2013.24.4.377

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PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to identify health literacy levels of Asian immigrant women in Korea and factors related with health literacy in them among other sociodemographic characteristics.
METHODS
Data were drawn from 671 immigrant women who came from China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and other Asian countries (M age=28.1+/-5.89) using REALM-R, which consisted of 8 medical words and was translated into Korean (score range: 0~8). Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test and multiple regression.
RESULTS
The average score of health literacy was 5.0+/-2.61. Time since immigration, country of origin, education level, and Korean language proficiency significantly predicted levels of health literacy in Asian immigrant women (adjusted R square=.200, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
When health care professionals provide health care services and health education, they should consider levels of health literacy and factors related with health literacy in Asian immigrant women.

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Influence of Perceived Health Status, Perceived Barrier, Cultural Acculturation on Empowerment in Married Migrant Women
Yong-Sook EO, Yeon Hee LEE
JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION.2020; 32(5): 1308. CrossRef
Health literacy among Saudi population: a cross-sectional study
Mohamed M M Abdel-Latif, Sherif Y Saad
Health Promotion International.2019; 34(1): 60. CrossRef
Associations of health belief and health literacy with Pap smear practice among Asian immigrant women
Yong-Sook Eo, Ji-Soo Kim
European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2019; 42: 63. CrossRef
Effectiveness of Psychosocial and Educational Prenatal and Postnatal Care Interventions for Married Immigrant Women in Korea: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Sun Kyung Kim, Seyeon Park, Sukhee Ahn
Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2017; 29(5): 351. CrossRef
Analysis of Validity and Reliability of the Health Literacy Index for Female Marriage Immigrants (HLI-FMI)
Sook Ja Yang, Yeon Kyung Chee, Jisook An, Min Hee Park, Sunok Jung
Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2016; 28(4): 368. CrossRef
Evidence-based health literacy improvements: trends on health literacy studies in Korea
Soo Jin Kang, Mi Sook Lee
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2015; 32(4): 93. CrossRef
Health Literacy and Its Associated Factors in Korean-Chinese and Other Asian Immigrant Women in Korea
Sook Ja Yang, Yeon Kyung Chee, Jisook An, Min Hee Park, Sunok Jung
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2014; 28(2): 211. CrossRef
A Study on Health Education Needs of the Multicultural Family as Perceived by Visiting Nurses
Young Sil Kang, Eunyoung Hong
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2014; 28(3): 445. CrossRef

Health Behaviors and Related Factors among Asian Immigrant Women in Korea by Ethnicity: Sook Ja Yang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2011;22(1):66-74. Published online March 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2011.22.1.66

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PURPOSE
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and diet and to identify sociodemographic factors related with health behaviors among Asian immigrant women in Korea by ethnicity.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study using structured questionnaires was conducted in 396 immigrant women from China, Vietnam, and the Philippines to Korea through international marriage. The associations between health behaviors and sociodemographic characteristics were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analyses.
RESULTS
The prevalence of current smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and abnormal diet were 4.2%, 7.6%, 49.3%, and 31.9%, respectively. The prevalence of current smoking (7.6%) and physical inactivity (56.7%) was highest in Chinese immigrant women. However, the prevalence of current smoking (2.7%) and alcohol consumption (3.8%) were lowest in Vietnamese immigrant women. Immigrant women who had been living in Korea for a long time since immigration (> or = 5 years) had a higher prevalence of alcohol consumption compared to those of who had been living in Korea for a short time since immigration (< 5 years) (OR=2.95, 95% CI=1.74-5.01).
CONCLUSION
Health promotion programs for immigrant women should be differentiated based on health behaviors and their related factors by ethnicity.

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Community-based social service utilization of marriage migrants in Korea: Focusing on differences by women’s country of origin*
Joan P. Yoo, Hyemee Kim, Kwang-Hyun Han
The Social Science Journal.2020; 57(1): 39. CrossRef
The influences of socio‐individual determinants and health information seeking on health‐promoting behaviors among migrant women: A cross‐sectional study
Jung‐ae Ahn, Duckhee Chae
Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2019; 16(4): 481. CrossRef
Health of International Marriage Immigrant Women in South Korea: A Systematic Review
Jeong-Ah Ahn, Tiffany Kim, Eun Ha Roh, Ju-Eun Song
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health.2018; 20(3): 717. CrossRef
The Role of Social Contact in the Experience of Discrimination: Implications for Subjective Health Among Marriage Migrant Women in South Korea
Yuen Mi Cheon, Grace H. Chung
Asian Social Work and Policy Review.2016; 10(1): 34. CrossRef
Exploring the health of female spouses from multicultural families: Examining the differences by their country of origin
Hyemee Kim
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(3): 252. CrossRef
Japanese Female Marriage Immigrants' Dietary Life and Health-related Characteristics by Level of Dietary Adaptation after Immigration to Korea
kana Asano, Jihyun Yoon, Si-Hyun Ryu
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2015; 25(5): 765. CrossRef
Systematic Review of Quantitative Research related to Maternal Adaptation among Women Immigrants by Marriage in Korea
Ju-Eun Song, Eun Ha Roh, So Mi Park
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2015; 21(1): 55. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Health Status and Health Behaviors of Immigrant Women in Urban and Rural Areas
Jae-Ran Lim, Mi Sook Jung
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(4): 2244. CrossRef
Physical Changes in and Coping with Marriage by Immigrant Women at an Early Stage of Immigration
Hee-Ja Kim, Hyun-Sook Kim, Mi-Yang Jeon, Hyo-Jeong Lee, Eun Young Park
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2014; 16(3): 201. CrossRef
The Impact of Marriage Migrant Women's Korean Language Ability, Self-esteem, and Acculturative Stress on Their Family Health: Focused on Mediating Effects of Marital Adjustment
Ji Hyun Lee, Su Jin Jin, Hyeon Jeong Ju, Yeon Sil Cho
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2013; 24(1): 87. CrossRef
Analysis of Factors Affecting Unmet Healthcare Needs of Married Immigrant Women
Su Hee Kim, Chung Yul Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(6): 770. CrossRef
Factors Associated with Physical Activity among Chinese Immigrant Women
Sung-Hye Cho, Hyeonkyeong Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(6): 760. CrossRef
The Factors Affecting Cultural Competency of Visiting Nurses and Community Health Practitioners
Soon-Ok Yang, Myung Soon Kwon, Seung-Hee Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2012; 23(3): 286. CrossRef
Married Immigrant Women's Utilization of Health Care and Needs of Health Services
Chunmi Kim, Myung Sook Park, Eun Man Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2011; 22(3): 333. CrossRef

Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins & Minerals Supplementation on Blood Pressure and Lipids in the Elderly with Hypertension: Sook Ja Yang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2006;17(4):461-471. Published online December 31, 2006

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A Study on Nutrition and Health Evaluation of Osteoarthritis Elderly in Community: Sook Ja Yang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2006;17(2):186-194. Published online June 30, 2006

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Nutritional Risk and Its Contributing Factors in the Low-income Elderly in Urban Areas: Sook Ja Yang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2005;16(4):392-403. Published online December 31, 2005

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was to evaluate the nutritional status of low-income elders in urban areas and factors affecting their nutritional risk.
METHODS
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted. The subjects were 300 elders selected from home visiting clients of DongJack Public Health Center. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing questions on socio-demographic characteristics. health behavior and disease. dietary pattern. Nutritional Screening Initiative. Geriatric Depression Scale and Barthel Index for ADL. Collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. chi2-test and multiple regression analysis using SPSS.
RESULTS
Of the subjects, 63% had high nutritional risk, 21.3% moderate nutritional risk, and 15.7% good nutritional risk. NSI score was significantly different according to economic status, subjective health condition, medication, dental health, depression. regularity of diet and meal with family. Multiple regression analysis revealed that depression, subjective health condition, dental health and regularity of diet and meal with family explain 38.1% of nutritional risk.
CONCLUSION
It is necessary to evaluate nutrition status and to control nutritional risk factors such as depression, dental health, regularity of diet and meal with family for improving the health of the low-income elderly.

Contents Analysis of Textbook Related to Safety Education in Elementary School: Mi Kyung Song, Jung Eun Lee, Sun Young Moon, Sook Ja Yang, Shin Jeong Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2005;16(2):205-220. Published online June 30, 2005

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to develop safety education programs in elementary school.
METHOD
Analysis is made based on textbooks for 1st-6th-grade elementary school students published by Korea Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development.
RESULTS
1) Among the textbooks. only , , , and courses dealt with safety education. 2) The contents of safety education included traffic safety, water safety, indoor and outdoor safety, fire, emergency measures, misuse and abuse of drug, smoking, toy safety, sports safety, leasure safety and disasters. However, the contents were theoretical, fragmentary, local and limited.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that the consents of safety education must be strengthened, and more practical and more behavior-oriented in consideration of activities.

Analysis of Time Taken for Visiting Nursing Activities by Visiting Nurses: Sook Ja Yang, Kyung Rim Shin, Ok Soo Kim, Hye Young Kim, Kyung Hee Kim, Eun Ha Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(2):177-186. Published online June 30, 2004

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to analyse time taken for visiting nursing activities by visiting nurses in health centers.
METHOD
A questionnaire was developed by a research team for the technological support of visiting nursing activities and visiting nurses. A total of 481 questionnaires were recovered by five visiting nurses from May to October 2003.
RESULT
A visiting nurse's total length of time for visiting activities was 532.2 minutes per day and the number of households a visiting nurse visits a day was 4.5. A visiting nurse spent 133.3 minutes for actual nursing services and 119.1 minutes for travelling. Time for actual nursing activities was more than half of the total working hours. Time for travelling was 42.9 minutes on the average when using public transportation means and 25.6 minutes when using a car.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study is expected to be used as basic data in establishing plans for the adequate supply of visiting nurses based on demands for visiting nursing services.

A Study on the Improvement Plan of Public Health Official Training: Sook Ja Yang, Young Hack Shin, Young Hee Yoon, Jee Hee Kim, Chang Yeoung Ahn, Jeum Ja Kim, Jong Mu Lee, Soon Yeon Lee, Myung Hyun Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2003;14(3):533-545. Published online September 30, 2003

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study investigated the situation of public health official training and suggested a scheme for improving central and local official training institutes, in order to improve the quality and quantity of training programs for central and local public health officials.
METHODS
This study examined training resources, design processes, content and methods of training programs of the Department of Health and Welfare Training in NIH and the fifteen city and provincial officials training institutes in 2002.
RESULTS
The central and the local officials training institutes didn't exchange information on public health training. NIH supplied various specialized training programs for senior and junior officials. However, city and provincial official training institutes supplied a few training programs for local public health officials.
CONCLUSION
A mutually cooperative relationship is needed between central and local official training institutes to exchange information on public health official training. The Department of Health and Welfare Training in NIH as a central training institute has to develop training programs related to new public health policies, supply training programs for senior officials, and support local official training institutes. To satisfy the training demands of public health officials, the city and provincial official training institutes should increase the number of training programs for junior officials.

An Assessment of the Needs of Crippled Persons Staying at Home: Sook Ja Yang, Hee Jeoung Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1998;9(2):280-290. Published online December 31, 1998

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Abstract PDF: This study was carried out to idenify the health problems and needs of crippled persons in order to develop a community based rehabilitation service program through public health center. Information on health problems and needs were obtained from 120 crippled persons staying at home by questionaire and a measuring ADL. The results were summarized as follows 1. Among 120 subjects, male crippled (70.3%) outnumbered female crippled (29.7%). Many crippled persons belonged to the 40-49 age group (33.6%) while others were over 60 years (17.4%). There were 36.8% crippled persons with an elementary education, 26.5% had completed high school, 14.5% had completed middle school. 31% of the crippled persons were employed but most of them had unskilled jobs. 80% of the respondents replied that their monthly income was under 800,000 won. 2. The major causes of their handicap were due to acquired factors(92%) such as accidents, in fectious & communicable diseases and chronic diseases rather than congenital factors(8%). Crippled persons who belong to the first grade of disabilities were 14.8%, the second grade 35.7%, the third grade 21.7%, the forth grade 12.2%, the fifth grade 12.2% and the sixth grade 3.5%. 3. This study measured the degree of the ADL of crippled persons by a modified Barthel Index including 11 items. 73.5% of them were fully independent, 8.5% required minimal help, 2.7% required moderate help, 6.0% required substantial help and 9.4% were unable to perform task. In response to the 11 items of ADL, crippled persons required more help in stair climbing, ambulation and bathing than in other items. 4. In responding to concerning health problems, 10.3% of the subjects replied with incontinence, 8.5% malnutrition, 7.6% fecal incontinence and bedsores 2.6%. Chronic diseases which needs treatment were chronic pain(61.0 %), hypertension(16.5%) and diabetes(16.5%) 5. To the question of what type of rehabilitation services subjects required, chronic diseases management(52.1%) and physical therapy (41.2%) were the highest. The most important social welfare services subjects required were economics support (51.3%) and introductions to job opportunities(42%).

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